Similar results were obtained if the second coil was kept at rest and the first coil was moved towards it. The deflection stops as soon as the second coil comes at rest, and the direction is deflection is revered when the second coil is moved away from the first coil. A deflection is produced in the galvanometer when the second coil is moved towards the first coil, indicating the flow of electric current through the first coil. Thus, the steady flow of current through the second coil will produce and uniform magnetic field around it. We know that a magnetic field is associated with moving electric charges. Second Experimentįor the second experiment, Faraday and henry replaced the bar magnet with another electric coil connected to a battery, shown in the figure below. Thus, proving that the relative motion between the coil and the magnet generates electric current through the coil. Similar observations were made when the magnet is kept stationary while the circuit is moved towards or away from it. The deflection produced in the galvanometer is large when the magnet is pushed away or towards the coil faster, indicating a large amount of current flow. Opposite results were obtained when the bar magnet was pushed towards to away from the coil, with its South Pole pointing towards the coil. The deflection is observed in the galvanometer but in the opposite direction when the magnet is pulled away, indicating a reversal in the current direction. The deflection in the galvanometer persists as long as the magnet is moving, and as soon as the magnet comes to rest, deflection dies out. This deflection proves that the current is flowing through the coil. When the magnet is pushed towards the coil, with its north pole pointing towards it, a deflection is observed in the galvanometer. First Experimentįaraday and Henry performed several experiments to understand electromagnetic induction.Īs we can see from the diagram above, the set-up for the experiment consists of a bar magnet, a coil attached in a circuit containing wire attached to a galvanometer. Henry discovered EMI a year after Faraday, and both of them worked on several experiments to conceptualise it.įaraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, also known as the law of electromagnetism, forms the basis for the working of electric generators, motors, transformers and inductors. Can you imagine a world without electricity, trains, telephones or computers? We have Faraday and Henry to thank for it. Indeed, the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction has transformed the world as we see it. The basis and usefulness of this discovery were questioned, and he answered that his experiments were just the beginning of something huge. When Faraday’s results that the relative motion between a bar magnet and loop of wire generates a small current through the wire were made public, he had to answer many questions.
The amount of current induced in the wire will vary with the strength of the magnetic field or due to the relative motion between the magnetic field and the electric circuit. To learn in detail about the laws of induction as given by Faraday, let us read further.Īccording to electromagnetic induction, a change in the magnetic field around an electric circuit induces a current in the circuit. He explained the phenomena of electromagnetic induction that helps us predict the nature of the interaction between the magnetic field and an electric circuit that leads to an electromotive force or EMF. Faraday’s laws are the basic laws that established the understanding of electromagnetism. The results of his experiments were computed and established in the form of Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction. Based on the observations made during those experiments, in \(1832\), he gave a quantitative relationship between a changing magnetic field and the corresponding changes in an electric field associated with it. They found that a compass needle gets deflected when placed close to a current-carrying wire, proving that a magnetic field is associated with the moving charges or electricity. At that time, there were several other questions that scientists had to answer, like – is the converse of this effect true? Can there be an electric field associated with moving magnetic charges are electricity and magnetism mutually inclusive?Įnglish scientist Michael Faraday performed several experiments involving electricity and magnetism. Scientists like oersted and ampere performed various experiments to prove that these two concepts were related. Faraday’s Laws of Induction: The phenomena of electricity and magnetism were considered to be mutually exclusive for a long period of time.
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